Does Medicaid cover IVF?
What federal law, KFF's state-by-state table and the states' own documents say about Medicaid and IVF, each in its own words, with the document each statement is in.
- Documents read · checked 16 h ago
Almost never. Federal law lets state Medicaid programs exclude fertility drugs, and KFF, which tracks what each state's Medicaid handbooks say, finds very few states cover fertility services. In its November 2025 table no state's Medicaid covers IVF for infertility in general: the only IVF listed is Utah's, for people aged 18 through 35 who carry one of five serious genetic conditions. New York and the District of Columbia cover some fertility drugs; Illinois, Maryland, Oklahoma and Utah cover freezing eggs or sperm before treatment that causes infertility. Eleven states cover tests or counseling only, and 33 list nothing.
What federal law and KFF's state table say
Read on Oct 12, 2026. The words in quotation marks are the source's own.
Almost never
“Very few states cover fertility-related services under Medicaid.”
“Covered: Testing and IVF for individuals with certain genetic conditions, fertility preservation for cancer-related iatrogenic infertility”
Federal law lets states say no
Medicaid has to cover most prescription drugs, but the federal drug law lists drugs used to promote fertility among those a state may exclude or restrict. So each state decides.
“The following drugs or classes of drugs, or their medical uses, may be excluded from coverage or otherwise restricted: (A) Agents when used for anorexia, weight loss, or weight gain. (B) Agents when used to promote fertility.”
“While federal rules require states to cover most prescription medications under Medicaid, there is an exception that allows states to exclude coverage for fertility medications.”
33 states list no coverage
KFF's table shows Medicaid infertility coverage as not covered in Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming. In Kansas, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Texas it is also not covered, with a note that benefits vary between Medicaid managed care plans.
“Not Covered; Benefits vary between Medicaid managed care plans”
11 states cover tests or counseling only
Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii (some plans), Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire and New Mexico (one plan) cover some counseling, assessment or diagnosis, and no treatment. Nebraska and New Hampshire cover it only when infertility is tied to another medical condition. Massachusetts and Minnesota are typical: counseling and diagnosis are covered; IUI, IVF and fertility drugs are not.
“Covered: Counseling and diagnosis for infertility, including related services; Not Covered: Treatment of infertility (lab tests, drugs, procedures)”
“Not Covered: IUI, IVF, fertility drugs and related services, and sterilization reversal.”
Where this comes from
KFF compiled the table from Medicaid member handbooks and provider manuals available online in November 2025. Those are the documents to check for your own plan.
“KFF analysis of information compiled from member handbooks and provider manuals as available online as of November 2025.”
Where Medicaid is listed as covering more than diagnosis
The seven places where KFF's November 2025 table lists fertility drugs, fertility preservation or, in Utah, IVF, with what the state's own documents add.
District of Columbia
Diagnosis and fertility drugsCovers infertility diagnosis and select fertility drugs listed in its pharmacy manual, under a federally approved change effective January 1, 2024. No IUI or IVF is listed.
“Covered: Diagnosis and fertility drugs”
“Select agents when used to promote fertility as listed in the District’s pharmacy provider manual.”
“we are pleased to inform you DC-23-0016 is approved with an effective date of January 1, 2024.”
Illinois
Fertility preservationCovers fertility preservation when a necessary medical treatment may cause infertility. One Illinois Medicaid plan's current guideline limits it to members aged 14 through 45. IVF is not listed.
“Covered: Fertility preservation for iatrogenic infertility”
“Public Act 100-1102 requires the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services (HFS) to cover medically necessary expenses for standard fertility preservation services when related to iatrogenic infertility, which may be directly or indirectly caused by necessary medical treatment.”
“Medically necessary fertility preservation services are limited to (1,5): ● Participants aged 14 through 45”
Maryland
Fertility preservationCovers fertility preservation when treatment may cause infertility. One Maryland Medicaid plan's 2026 policy allows up to three cycles of ovarian stimulation and egg freezing, with prior authorization, and lists IUI and IVF as not covered.
“Maryland Physicians Care (MPC) covers fertility preservation for iatrogenic infertility if specific criteria are met.”
“Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue and sperm is a one-time benefit. A maximum of three cycles of ovarian stimulation and oocyte preservation is covered.”
“Non-Covered Services and excluded from this policy: • Donor Sperm. • Donor Oocytes. • Fertility Procedures, for example: o Intrauterine Insemination o In Vitro Fertilization”
Montana
UnconfirmedKFF lists lab evaluation and fertility preservation for people with cancer as covered. Montana's own 2024 report describes that benefit as waiting for federal approval, so confirm with Montana Medicaid before relying on it.
“Covered: Evaluation of laboratory assessments, fertility preservation for cancer-related iatrogenic infertility; Not Covered: infertility treatment”
“If approved, the fertility preservation services would be available to eligible individuals between the ages of 12 and 35”
New York
Diagnosis and fertility drugsCovers infertility office visits, diagnostic tests and select fertility drugs that meet the program's criteria. Other infertility treatment, IVF included, is not covered.
“Covered: Infertility office visits, diagnosis (HSG, pelvic ultrasounds, lab tests), fertility drugs; Not Covered: infertility treatments outside of those specifically listed as covered”
“agents when used to promote fertility: State law allows for coverage of select drugs which are FDA indicated or compendia supported to promote fertility, only when they meet program policy and coverage criteria.”
Oklahoma
Fertility preservationKFF lists coverage for infertility caused by cancer treatment.
“Covered: Cancer-related iatrogenic infertility”
Utah
IVF for 5 genetic conditionsThe only state where the table lists any Medicaid IVF: genetic testing, testing of embryos and IVF for people aged 18 through 35 diagnosed with a genetic trait for cystic fibrosis, Morquio syndrome, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy or myotonic dystrophy. Utah also covers egg or sperm freezing once in a lifetime for people with cancer, up to age 50.
“preimplantation genetic testing of embryos, and IVF services to eligible individuals, ages 18 through 35, diagnosed by a physician with a genetic trait associated with cystic fibrosis, morquio syndrome, sickle cell anemia, spinal muscular atrophy, or myotonic dystrophy.”
“This amendment enables the State to provide fertility preservation for eligible individuals diagnosed with cancer and requiring treatment that may cause a substantial risk of sterility or iatrogenic infertility (i.e., infertility caused by treatment for cancer). Services covered under this once per lifetime benefit include the collection and storage of eggs or sperm and coverage for cryopreservation storage.”
“The upper age limit for this demonstration is now 50 years of age. This change went into effect on February 1, 2025, and also adds coverage for ovarian tissue cryopreservation for pre-pubescent females.”
How to confirm what Medicaid covers for you
A policy or program page is a summary. Your own plan's documents are what it pays by.
- 1Read your Medicaid plan's member handbook: look for infertility both under covered services and under exclusions. KFF built its table from these handbooks and the provider manuals.
- 2If you are in a Medicaid managed care plan, ask that plan and not only the state: in several states benefits vary between plans.
- 3Before chemotherapy or another treatment that may cause infertility, ask about fertility preservation straight away: it is the fertility benefit a Medicaid program is most likely to have.
- 4For IVF itself, look outside Medicaid: grants, clinic discount programs and refund programs are on our IVF grants and paying for IVF pages.
Medicaid and IVF: common questions
Does Medicaid cover IVF?
Almost never. In KFF's November 2025 table of state Medicaid programs, no state covers IVF for infertility in general. The only IVF listed is Utah's, for people aged 18 through 35 who carry one of five serious genetic conditions. A few states cover fertility drugs or fertility preservation, and 33 list no infertility coverage at all.
Does Medicaid cover IVF in Ohio, Texas, Pennsylvania, Florida or Missouri?
No. KFF's November 2025 table lists Medicaid infertility coverage as not covered in Ohio, Florida and Missouri, and as not covered, with benefits varying between managed care plans, in Texas and Pennsylvania.
Does Medicaid cover IVF in New York?
No, but New York Medicaid covers more than most: infertility office visits, diagnostic tests and select fertility drugs that meet the program's criteria. Other infertility treatment, IVF included, is not covered.
Does Medicaid cover IVF in Illinois?
No. Illinois Medicaid covers fertility preservation when a necessary medical treatment may cause infertility; one plan's current guideline limits it to members aged 14 through 45. IVF is not listed.
Does Medicaid cover fertility drugs?
Usually not. Federal law lets states exclude drugs used to promote fertility, and most do. New York and the District of Columbia cover select fertility drugs.
Does Medicaid cover egg freezing?
Only before medical treatment that causes infertility, and only in a few states: Illinois, Maryland, Oklahoma and Utah are listed, and Montana's benefit was awaiting federal approval in the state's own 2024 report. None of the table's entries covers elective egg freezing.
Does Medicaid cover fertility testing?
In some states. Eleven cover counseling, assessment or diagnosis without treatment (Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii on some plans, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire and New Mexico on one plan), and New York and the District of Columbia cover diagnosis along with fertility drugs.
- KFF and Health Management Associates: Medicaid Coverage of Pregnancy-Related Services, Findings from a 2021 State Survey (KFF, coverage as of July 1, 2021)
- KFF State Health Facts: Mandated Coverage of Infertility Treatment (column: State Mandate to Cover in Medicaid?) (KFF, as of November 2025)
- 42 U.S.C. 1396r-8(d)(2) (Social Security Act sec. 1927(d)(2)), U.S. Code 2023 edition on govinfo.gov (U.S. Code, 2023 edition)
- CMS approval letter and approved plan page, District of Columbia State Plan Amendment 23-0016 (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, March 14, 2024; effective January 1, 2024)
- CountyCare (Illinois Medicaid plan): EVH Clinical Guideline 2737.CC for Fertility Preservation for Iatrogenic Infertility (CountyCare, an Illinois Medicaid plan, last revised December 9, 2025; implementation January 1, 2026)
- Maryland Physicians Care (Maryland Medicaid plan): Fertility Preservation, Policy PA 30 (Maryland Physicians Care, a Maryland Medicaid plan, last revised 2/12/2026)
- Montana DPHHS: Section 1115 WASP Waiver Annual Report (demonstration year 21, 2024) (Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services, 2024 report year)
- CMS approval letter and approved plan page, New York State Plan Amendment 23-0050 (New York State Medicaid plan, approved by CMS, approved August 2023; effective April 1, 2023)
- Utah Medicaid Reform 1115 Demonstration Quarterly Monitoring Report, January to March 2025 (posted on medicaid.gov) (Utah Medicaid, report to CMS, reporting period January 1 to March 31, 2025)